Tham khảo Hóa_học_vật_lý

  1. ↑ Torben Smith Sørensen (1999). Surface chemistry and electrochemistry of membranes. CRC Press. tr. 134. ISBN 0-8247-1922-0. 
  2. 1 2 Atkins, Peter and Friedman, Ronald (2005). Molecular Quantum Mechanics, p. 249. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 0-19-927498-3.
  3. ↑ Atkins, Peter and Friedman, Ronald (2005). Molecular Quantum Mechanics, p. 342. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 0-19-927498-3.
  4. ↑ Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1980). Statistical Physics, 3rd Ed. p. 52. Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, New York. ISBN 0-7506-3372-7.
  5. 1 2 Hill, Terrell L. (1986). Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics, p. 1. Dover Publications, New York. ISBN 0-486-65242-4.
  6. ↑ Schmidt, Lanny D. (2005). The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, 2nd Ed. p. 30. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 0-19-516925-5.
  7. ↑ Schmidt, Lanny D. (2005). The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, 2nd Ed. pp. 25, 32. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 0-19-516925-5.
  8. ↑ Chandler, David (1987). Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics, p. 54. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-19-504277-1.
  9. ↑ Alexander Vucinich (1963). Science in Russian culture. Stanford University Press. tr. 388. ISBN 0-8047-0738-3. 
  10. ↑ Josiah Willard Gibbs, 1876, "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences
  11. ↑ Laidler, Keith (1993). The World of Physical Chemistry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. tr. 48. ISBN 0-19-855919-4. 
  12. ↑ Herbst, Eric (12 tháng 5 năm 2005). “Chemistry of Star-Forming Regions”. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 109: 4017–4029. Bibcode:2005JPCA..109.4017H. PMID 16833724. doi:10.1021/jp050461c.